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What You Should Know about Refrigerants When Purchasing or Repairing a Residential A/C System or Heat Pump | Ozone Depletion - Regulatory Programs | U.S. EPA @import 'http://www.epa.gov/epafiles/s/epa.css'; Jump to main content. [logo] US EPA

Ozone Layer Depletion - Regulatory Programs Recent Additions | Contact Us Search: All EPA This Area You are here: EPA Home Ozone Layer Depletion Regulatory Programs What You Should Know about Refrigerants When Purchasing or Repairing a Residential A/C System or Heat Pump

What You Should Know about Refrigerants When Purchasing or Repairing aResidential A/C System or Heat Pump

Background | PhaseoutSchedule | Consumers | Alternatives | Servicing YourSystem | Purchasing New Systems | Related Fact SheetsDISCLAIMER: EPA seeks to promote energy efficiency and the safe use of ozone-friendly substances, and does not endorse any particular company or itsproducts.Background: Ban on Productionand Imports of Ozone-Depleting RefrigerantsIn 1987 the MontrealProtocol, an international environmental agreement, establishedrequirements that began the worldwide phaseout of ozone-depleting CFCs(chlorofluorocarbons). These requirements were later modified, leading to thephaseout in 1996 of CFC production in all developed nations. In addition, a1992 amendment to the Montreal Protocol established a schedule for thephaseout of HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons). HCFCs are less damaging to theozone layer than CFCs, but still contain ozone-destroying chlorine. TheMontreal Protocol as amended is carried out in the U.S. through Title VI of the Clean AirAct, which is implemented by EPA.An HCFC known as R-22 has been the refrigerant of choice for residentialheat pump and air-conditioning systems for more than four decades.Unfortunately for the environment, releases of R-22, such as those fromleaks, contribute to ozone depletion. In addition, R-22 is a greenhouse gasand the manufacture of R-22 results in a by-product (HFC-23) that contributessignificantly to global warming. As the manufacture of R-22 is phased outover the coming years as part of the agreement to end production of HCFCs,manufacturers of residential air conditioning systems are offering equipmentthat uses ozone-friendly refrigerants. Many homeowners may be misinformedabout how much longer R-22 will be available to service their central A/Csystems and heat pumps. This fact sheet provides information about thetransition away from R-22, the future availability of R-22, and the newrefrigerants that are replacing R-22. This document also assists consumers indeciding what to consider when purchasing a new A/C system or heat pump, orwhen having an existing system repaired.Top of pagePhaseout Schedule for HCFCsIncluding R-22Under the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the U.S. agreed to meet certainobligations by specific dates that will affect the residential heat pump andair-conditioning industry: January 1, 2004: The Montreal Protocol required the U.S. to reduce its consumption by 35 percent below the baseline cap by January 1, 2004. As of January 1, 2003, EPA banned production and import of HCFC-141b, the HCFC with the highest ODP. This action allowed the United States to meet its obligations under the Montreal Protocol. EPA also issued baseline allowances for production and import of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b. EPA allocated 100 percent of the U.S. consumption and production caps by allocating both consumption and production allowances to individual companies for HCFC-141b, HCFC-22, and HCFC-142b. January 1, 2010: After 2010, chemical manufacturers may still produce R-22 to service existing equipment, but not for use in new equipment. As a result, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system manufacturers will only be able to use pre-existing supplies of R-22 to produce new air conditioners and heat pumps. These existing supplies would include R-22 recovered from existing equipment and recycled. January 1, 2020: Use of existing refrigerant, including refrigerant that has been recovered and recycled, will be allowed beyond 2020 to service existing systems, but chemical manufacturers will no longer be able to produce R-22 to service existing air conditioners and heat pumps.For more information about this phaseout, see fact sheets about the HCFC Phaseout Schedule and Frequently Asked Questions on the HCFC Phaseout.Top of pageWhat Does the R-22 Phaseout Meanfor Consumers?Availability of R-22The Clean Air Act does not allow any refrigerant to be vented into theatmosphere during installation, service, or retirement of equipment.Therefore, R-22 must be recovered and recycled (for reuse in the samesystem), reclaimed (reprocessed to the same purity levels as new R-22), ordestroyed. After 2020, the servicing of R-22-based systems will rely onrecycled refrigerants. It is expected that reclamation and recycling willensure that existing supplies of R-22 will last longer and be available toservice a greater number of systems. As noted above, chemical manufacturerswill be able to produce R-22 for use in new A/C equipment until 2010, andthey can continue production of R-22 until 2020 for use in servicing thatequipment. Given this schedule, the transition away from R-22 to the use ofozone-friendly refrigerants should be smooth. For the next 15 years or more,R-22 should continue to be available for all systems that require R-22 forservicing.Cost of R-22While consumers should be aware that prices of R-22 may increase assupplies dwindle over the next 20 or 30 years, EPA believes that consumersare not likely to be subjected to major price increases within a short timeperiod. Although there is no guarantee that service costs of R-22 will notincrease, the lengthy phaseout period for R-22 means that market conditionsshould not be greatly affected by the volatility and resulting refrigerantprice hikes that have characterized the phaseout of R-12, the refrigerantused in automotive air-conditioning systems.Top of pageAlternatives to R-22 inResidential Air ConditioningAs R-22 is gradually phased out, non-ozone-depleting alternativerefrigerants are being introduced. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA reviews alternatives toozone-depleting substances like R-22 in order to evaluate their effectson human health and the environment. EPA has reviewed several of thesealternatives to R-22 and has compiled a list of substitutes thatEPA has determined are acceptable. One of these substitutes is R-410A, ablend of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), substances that do not contribute todepletion of the ozone layer, but, like R-22, contribute to global warming.R-410A is manufactured and sold under various trade names, including GENETRONAZ-20�, SUVA 410A�, and Puron�. Additional refrigerants on the list ofacceptable substitutes include R-134a and R-407C. These two refrigerants arenot yet available for residential applications in the U.S., but are commonlyfound in residential A/C systems and heat pumps in Europe. EPA will continueto review new non-ozone-depleting refrigerants as they are developed.Servicing existing unitisting units using R-22 can continue to be serviced with R-22. There isno EPA requirement to change or convert R-22 units for use with anon-ozone-depleting substitute refrigerant. In addition, the new substituterefrigerants cannot be used without making some changes to system components.As a result, service technicians who repair leaks to the system will continueto charge R-22 into the system as part of that repair.Installing new unitsThe transition away from ozone-depleting R-22 to systems that rely onreplacement refrigerants like R-410A has required redesign of heat pump andair conditioning systems. New systems incorporate compressors and othercomponents specifically designed for use with specific replacementrefrigerants. With these significant product and production process changes,testing and training must also change. Consumers should be aware that dealersof systems that use substitute refrigerants should be schooled ininstallation and service techniques required for use of that substituterefrigerant.Top of pageA Common Sense Approach ToServicing Your SystemAlong with prohibiting the production of ozone-depleting refrigerants, theClean Air Act also mandates the use of common sense in handling refrigerants.By containing and using refrigerants responsibly -- that is, by recovering,recycling, and reclaiming, and by reducing leaks -- their ozone depletion andglobal warming consequences are minimized. The Clean Air Act outlinesspecific refrigerant containment and management practices for HVACmanufacturers, distributors, dealers and technicians. Properly installed homecomfort systems rarely develop refrigerant leaks, and with proper servicing,a system using R-22, R-410A or another refrigerant will minimize its impacton the environment. While EPA does not mandate repairing or replacing smallsystems because of leaks, system leaks can not only harm the environment, butalso result in increased maintenance costs.One important thing a homeowner can do for the environment, regardless ofthe refrigerant used, is to select a reputable dealer that employs servicetechnicians who are EPA-certified to handle refrigerants. Technicians oftencall this certification "Section 608 certification," referring to the part ofthe Clean Air Act that requires minimizing releases of ozone-depletingchemicals from HVAC equipment.Top of pageA Common Sense Approach ToPurchasing New SystemsAnother important thing a homeowner can do for the environment is topurchase a highly energy-efficient system. Energy-efficient systems result incost savings for the homeowner. Today's best air conditioners use much lessenergy to produce the same amount of cooling as air conditioners made in themid-1970s. Even if your air conditioner is only 10 years old, you may savesignificantly on your cooling energy costs by replacing it with a newer, moreefficient model. Products with EPA's Energy Star� label can save homeowners10% to 40% on their heating and cooling bills every year. These products aremade by most major manufacturers and have the same features as standardproducts but also incorporate energy saving technology. Both R-22 and R-410Asystems may have the Energy Star� label. Equipment that displays the EnergyStar� label must have a minimum seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). Thehigher the SEER specification, the more efficient the equipment. Moreinformation on Energy Star and energy-efficient air conditioning can be foundthrough the following links: Information on EPA's Energy Star program for heating and cooling equipment Home Improvement Toolbox with Energy Star Information on financing the purchase of an A/C system or a heat pump Information from DOE on energy-efficient air conditioning

Energy Solutions for Heating and Cooling your HomeYou should consider energy efficiency, along with performance, reliabilityand cost, in making your decision. And don't forget that when purchasing anew system, you can also speed the transition away from ozone-depleting R-22by choosing a system that uses ozone-friendly refrigerants.Top of pageLocal Navigation Ozone Depletion Home Regulatory Programs Home Phaseout Exemptions: Methyl bromide Essential uses (MDIs) Lab uses Imports Stationary Refrigeration and A/C Auto A/C Halons Nonessential Products Labeling Enforcement Reporting EPA Home Privacy and Security Notice Contact UsJump to main content.

EPA	site	with	homeowner
information	for	consideration	when	purchasing
or	repairing	a	residential	system
or	heat	pump.

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